So this was interesting. I was able to finally retrieve the text. For reference, for someone who finds this thread down the road, here’s what happened.
I created the field with a display type of “Hidden”. I then tried to source it into my PDF but had no luck. I changed the display type to “Disabled”. This allowed me to source it into the PDF, but it would only retrieve the internal ID.
After setting the display type to “Normal” and then back to “Disabled”, I was able to properly retrieve the text of the field. Another option that worked was deleting the field and re-creating it with the display type set to “Disabled”.